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Infrared spectroscopy is crucial in the detection of exoplanets due to its ability to analyze the light emitted or absorbed by objects in space. When an exoplanet passes in front of its host star, it can block some of the star's light. Using infrared spectroscopy, scientists can examine the light spectrum and identify specific wavelengths that indicate the presence of various elements and compounds in the exoplanet's atmosphere. This technique helps in determining the planet's composition, temperature, and even its potential for supporting life.

Other technologies listed, while relevant to different aspects of astronomical research, do not primarily serve the same purpose for exoplanet detection. Gravitational wave detectors focus on observing ripples in spacetime caused by massive astronomical events, which is unrelated to the direct observation of exoplanets. Space shuttle technology involves human spaceflight and does not pertain to astronomically observing distant objects. Radio telescopes detect radio waves from celestial sources, and while they can contribute to our understanding of the universe, they are not specifically designed for identifying exoplanets in the same manner as infrared spectroscopy.